Fluorine's Ever-Increasing Impact in Developing Pharmaceuticals (PDF)
Fluorine has become an essential tool in drug discovery. Including fluorine atoms in
potential medicines can have a variety of dramatic effects on the molecules' properties,
perhaps making them more selective, increasing their efficacy, or making them easier to
administer. So it is no great surprise that around a fifth of all drugs on the market today
contain at least one fluorine substituent.
The Fluorine Boom Continues as Benefits Become More Widespread (PDF)
There has been a huge amount of interest in the production of fluorinated molecules
which have applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields in recent years.
There are very few compounds occurring in nature that contain fluorine, so it may seem
strange that molecules containing fluorine have been used in preparing drugs and
agrochemicals. The reasons for the surge in popularity of compounds containing fluorine
can be explained based on its properties.
Fluorine brings new drugs to fruition (PDF)
Nature makes huge numbers of chemically diverse complex molecules, many of which have biological activity. Bacteria in particular are a rich source of medicinally useful compounds, as they biosynthesise a whole host of chemicals that have an effect in the human body or kill the organisms that infect it. However, very few of the active organic compounds created by bacteria contain fluorine atoms, even though around a fifth of all pharmaceutical products on the market contain at least one fluorine moiety.
Bench scale to large scale (PDF)
If you are of a certain persuasion, Augusta, Georgia, can only mean one thing – golf and the US Masters. However, the Augusta Golf Club is so exclusive that there isn't even a waiting list - it is strictly 'by invitation' only.
Advancing the Capability of Memory Chips
with Novel Chemical Technology (PDF)
In the fast moving world of high technology, the chemical industry is seen as an
important participant in the development of technologies that kick-start improvements in
the performance of electronic components. Halocarbon Products Corporation is one
such participant, having stepped into the electronic chemicals market a few years ago to
help compounders optimize the use of fluorine chemistry in coatings for photo resists. It
all started with a call from a compounder who had questions about fluorine monomers.
In substituting a standard carbon molecule with a fluorinated monomer, the compounder
found finished coatings delivered a set of physical properties that far exceed ordinary
carbon materials. The finding helped significantly in the quest for better, faster and more
efficient memory chips. Yet the compounder needed a company with the capability to
produce the molecule in a way that did not adversely affect other components within the
coating.
HALO-ORGANICS - Fully functional fluorine 1 (PDF)
Nature makes very few compounds that contain fluorine. This is partly a result of the lack
of free fluoride ions in the environment when compared to chloride; bacteria have evolved
preferentially to incorporate that instead. Fluorine is also difficult to oxidise as a result of
its high redox potential, which cuts out the use of a biosynthetic route analogous to the one
bacteria generally use to introduce chloride.
Fluoropolymers for Coating Applications (PDF)
Nature makes very few compounds that contain fluorine. This is partly a result of the lack
of free fluoride ions in the environment when compared to chloride; bacteria have evolved
preferentially to incorporate that instead. Fluorine is also difficult to oxidise as a result of
its high redox potential, which cuts out the use of a biosynthetic route analogous to the one
bacteria generally use to introduce chloride.
Halocarbon Products Continues to Pioneer Fluorochemical Developments (PDF)
Halocarbon Products Corporation, the pioneer in fluorochemicals for more than
50 years, was recently tasked with developing economical commercial routes to
1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and several key derivatives. All of these products are
important building blocks for producing fluorinated compounds that have
applications in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and photolithography fields.
Fluorine – An Important Tool in the Chemists' Toolbox (PDF)
Fluorine substitutions greatly increase a molecule's lipophilicity, an important
consideration when making molecules that are designed to be active in vivo.
Incorporating fluorines increases fat solubility and bioavailability. Fluorination can
also aid hydrophobic interactions between the drug and binding sites on receptors or
enzymes.
The Important Impact of Fluorine in Pharmaceuticals (PDF)
Fluorine has become an essential tool in drug discovery. Including fluorine atoms in
potential medicines can have a variety of dramatic effects on the molecules' properties,
perhaps making them more selective, increasing their efficacy, or making them easier to
administer. So it is no great surprise that around a fifth of all drugs on the market today
contain at least one fluorine substituent.
Key Benefits to Adding Fluorine to Pharmaceutical Compounds (PDF)
How did something that is so rare in nature – fluorine – become so common in
medicines? A fundamental strategy for medicinal chemists when inventing new drugs
is to take a molecule, frequently from nature, and make modifications to its structure
to alter its activity. Replacing hydrogen and other functional groups with fluorine can
have a dramatic effect on biological activity. It is much more strongly electronegative
than hydrogen, and so swapping a fluorine atom for a hydrogen atom can be expected
to exert a large electronic effect on neighbouring carbon centres, altering both the
dipole moment and the pKa of the molecule. It can also have a knock-on effect on the
stability and reactivity of other functional groups in the compound.
The F in Future --- Chemical Market Reporter (PDF)
FOR YEARS, US and European fine chemical companies have watched in trepidation as Chinese and Indian challengers gradually worked their way up the value chain, but River Edge, N.J.-based Halocarbon Products' position as a manufacturer of specialty fluorocarbons seems to be quite secure – even to
the extent that sales into China and India are actually increasing.
Essential Tool - CHEManager Europe (PDF)
Fluorine has become an essential tool in drug discovery. Including fluorine atoms in potential medicines can have a variety of dramatic effects on the molecules’ properties, perhaps making them more selective, increasing their efficacy or making them easier to administer. A fifth of all drugs on the market contain at least one fluorine substituent. Three of the current top 10 best sellers contain fluorine atoms, including the biggest blockbuster medicine, Pfizer’s lipid lowering agent Lipitor (atorvastatin), which has an aromatic fluorine substituent. TAP’s proton pump inhibitor Prevacid (lansoprazole) includes a difluoromethylene unit. The fluticasone component of GlaxoSmithKline’s anti-asthma combination product Seretide has three separate fluorine substituents.
Bench Scale to Large Scale - Manufacturing Chemist (PDF)
If you are of a certain persuasion, Augusta, Georgia, can only mean one thing – golf and the US Masters. However, the Augusta Golf Club is so exclusive that there isn’t even a waiting list, it is strictly ‘by invitation’ only. So it was straight down to the purpose of the visit: to see Halocarbon Products’ 100-acre expanded manufacturing facility in North Augusta, located just across the State border, on the other side of the Savannah river, in South Carolina.
Fluorine Brings New Drugs to Fruition - Manufacturing Chemist (PDF)
Nature makes huge numbers of chemically diverse complex molecules, many of which have biological activity. Bacteria in particular are a rich source of medicinally useful compounds, as they biosynthesise a whole host of chemicals that have an effect in the human body, or kill the organisms that infect it. However, very few of the active organic compounds created by bacteria contain fluorine atoms, even though around a fifth of all pharmaceutical products on the market contain at least one fluorine moiety.
Fluorine 101
What do many of the high-technology products that we almost take for granted like chemically stable polymers, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals with enhanced activity, next-generation photo resists and long-life elastomers have in common? In many cases, you’ll find fluorine in them. Why did this once-exotic, highly reactive element become so important?
Fluorine - A Vital Element in the Medicine Chest (PDF)
A huge number of the drugs that we rely on today were provided by nature – either directly or by giving a starting point for medicinal chemists to work with. Whether made by bacteria, fungi or plants, the range of structurally diverse and biologically active molecules that are made by natural organisms is enormous. Penicillin? From the mould Penicillium notatum. Taxol? From the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia. Erythromycin? Made by the bacterium Streptomyces erythreus. These are just three examples of hugely important medicines that nature invented – and which provided the inspiration for further medicines to be created by chemists.
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